Grand Central Station, New York

Will she get a letter from the Queen? Grand Central station celebrates 100th birthday as New York landmark remains one of America's busiest transport hubs By Reuters Reporter It made its debut in the heyday of cross-country train travel, faced demolition in the era of the auto, and got a new lease on life with a facelift in its eighth decade. Now Grand Central Terminal, the doyenne of American train stations, is celebrating its 100th birthday as a spectacular collection of photographs captures the famous transport hub and popular tourist attraction in all its glory. Opened on February 2, 1913, when trains were a luxurious means of traveling across America, the iconic New York landmark with its Beaux-Arts facade is an architectural gem, and still one of America's greatest transportation hubs. It is also the Big Apple's second-most-popular tourist attraction, after Times Square. Grand Central Terminal, shown here around 1930, is one of New York's most iconic landmarks One of the most impressively beautiful rooms in the world is the main concourse of Grand Central Terminal, seen here in June 1940 The impressive station, shown here in 1899, took years to build Roadbed excavations along Park Avenue during the preliminary construction of Grand Central Station in Manhattan The iconic New York landmark with its Beaux-Arts facade is an architectural gem shown here in 1914 is still one of America's greatest transportation hubs This image shows trains coming and going in Grand Central Station's early days 'We are among the top 10 most-visited sites in the world,' said Dan Brucker, manager of Grand Central Tours at Metro-North Railroad, the commuter rail service that operates from Grand Central. 'Every day more than 750,000 people come through Grand Central Terminal - that is the entire population of Alaska that walks through here every day. It is the entire population of the state of North Dakota,' he noted. Many are commuters who arrive on trains every 58 seconds at the peak of the morning rush, pouring onto the terminal's dozens of platforms. Tourists gasp at the vaulted ceiling and sprawling 22,000-square-foot marble concourse, which has doubled as a film set for movies such as 'The Fisher King' and 'The Cotton Club.' And thousands from both groups eat and shop at any of the 103 restaurants and stores. The building, shown here in 1914, cost $80 million to erect Grand Central was buzzing on December 23, 1932, as holiday travelers tried to get home for Christmas Commuters crowded around the engine and tender of the new streamlined train in December 1934 The station opened on February 2, 1913, when trains were a luxurious means of traveling across America Hollywood stars Clara Bow, pictured left with singer Harry Richman, and Jean Harlow, pictured right, are shown arriving at Grand Central Station in the 1930s 'There are a lot of beautiful old train stations in this country but none as big, and none as ornate, and none as elevated and well-known as Grand Central,' said Gabrielle Shubert, the director of New York Transit Museum. The February 2 anniversary will mark the start of year-long celebrations commemorating the centennial with exhibitions, performances, promotions and public events. Since its beginnings in 1913, when Grand Central was dubbed the greatest railway terminal in the world with an $80 million price tag, it has been an integral part of New York. In its early heyday Grand Central was a center of culture, with an art gallery, theater and tennis court, as well as a commerce hub with travelers boarding trains like the Yankee Clipper and the 20th Century Limited for luxurious long-distance trips. Grand Central Terminal survived many ups and downs and is celebrating its 100th anniversary Grand Central Terminal plays host hundreds of thousands of visitors each day The station had an extensive facelift in the 1990s and was nearly demolished about 55 years ago but survived A large gold plated chandeliers hangs off the main concourse The iconic station, complete with its 14-foot Tiffany clock, is one of the most visited sites in the world 'As early as 1929 there were individually controlled air conditioning in the staterooms,' said Brucker, adding that chefs and hairdressers traveled with the well-heeled clientele. But following World War Two, as government subsidies helped build airports and improve roads, the Golden Age of rail travel lost its luster, relegated to the status of dowdy old-timer as planes and autos took the forefront in travel, propelled by speed and lower prices. During the ensuing decades Grand Central deteriorated, property prices in New York rose dramatically and plans were commissioned to demolish the terminal. But a reprieve, spearheaded by former first lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, led to its designation in 1976 as a National Historic Landmark, a decision upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court. A view of the clock in the center of the main concourse at Grand Central Terminal in New York Park Avenue south direction is pictured from a view looking out from the Tiffany clock over Park Ave and 42nd St. at Grand Central Customers sit at the counter of the Oyster bar in the lower level of Grand Central Terminal in New York, January 29, 2013 Steam rises behind the sculptures by the John Donnelly Company of Minerva, Hercules, and Mercury over Park Ave and 42nd St. at Grand Central Terminal The terminal was built in 1913, when it was dubbed the greatest railway terminal in the world and had an $80 million price tag The command center is where train traffic controllers ensure the, mostly, smooth running of the countless trains that pass through the station By 1991 long-distance trains had stopped serving Grand Central, and Metro-North Railroad, which had been created a decade earlier to consolidate operates four lines into the terminal, had become the country's largest regional railroad. A two-year restoration began in 1996 that returned the terminal to its former glory. Every detail, from the acorn motifs emblem of the Vanderbilt family who built it, to the marble walls and floors, and chandeliers, was meticulously replicated. More than $1 million was spent cleaning the black-stained ceiling. 'This place was redone perfectly to the way it looked in 1913,' according to Brucker. But just as impressive as its public face are the secrets of the terminal: the underground tracks; unmapped cellar, which is the largest in New York; the secret station, hidden staircase and crosswalks in the massive east- and west-facing windows. Light shines through a window as commuters enter the main concourse Grand Central has always been an integral part of New York The 59 stars shine as part of the backwards-painted zodiac set in gold leaf constellations on the ceiling of the main concourse of Grand Central Terminal Giant power transformers are seen seven stories below the main concourse in the power plant of Grand Central Terminal The iconic station is one of the most visited sites in the world The Grand Central Terminal Clock sits above the information booth at the center of the main concourse at Grand Central Terminal in New York 'It was the power source for all the buildings around. Underneath Grand Central is steam production and electric production that powered not just the building itself but all the buildings around it. That's unique,' said the Transit Museum's Shubert. On Grand Central's lower level, the famous domed whispering gallery transmits soft sound across the arc of the ceiling, enabling visitors to whisper to each other from diagonal corners. 'Here is this country we don't have piazzas and plazas where people congregate,' Shubert said. 'We have Grand Central. People seem to amass themselves in Grand Central to mourn, to celebrate, to get news when there is a crisis going on. 'This is the only indoor space where people gather to share many moments of humanity.'